Bullying Essay Free Essays

Bullying Frightened, Weak, Sad, Unwanted. You end up not wanting to go anywhere, because you are afraid of getting picked on. You get so fed up with everything, you start harming yourself. We will write a custom essay sample on Bullying Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now You begin cutting yourself or even worse? You end up killing yourself. Hi today, I’m going to talk to you about bullying and what the down sizes of bullying is. Some might wonder, who are the bully’s and why do people bully others. So as you read this essay, think about those questions. And ask yourself. If you’ve ever been bullied or have you been the bully. How did you feel? Did you feel powerless and think that it wasn’t fare that this was happening to you. Or that you didn’t have anyone to talk to. Well you do and no one should be making you feel like this. Bulling has to stop, it shouldn’t be going to the extent that people feel like they’re nothing and end up committing suicide. Having said that, this essay will show you the different types of bullying, the consequences of bullying and how to stop bullying. Many people think that bullying is just kicking and punching a person. Those people are right, what they don’t know is that there are other forms of bullying. To be exact there are six different types of bullying; physical bullying, cyber bullying, verbal bullying, indirect bullying, intimidation, and social alienation. The form of bullying that occurs more is cyber bullying. In Canada, 42% of kids have been bullied while online. One in four has had it happen more than once. 35% of kids have been threatened online. Nearly one in five have had it happen more than once. 1% of kids have received mean or threatening e-mails or other messages. 58% of kids admit someone has said mean or hurtful things to them online. More than four out of ten say it has happened more than once. 58% have not told their parents or an adult about something mean or hurtful that happened to them online. Both boys and girls can be bullies. Boys tend to bully physically, while girls generally use more indirect approaches, such as gossiping about classmates or isolating them b y excluding them from activities or groups. Boys are usually bullied by other boys, whereas girls are bullied by both girls and boys. Some of the consequences of being bullied are self-harm, depression, low self-esteem, loneliness and etc†¦ Most people cannot deal with the pressure of being bullied. So they decide to commit suicide, for example â€Å"Carl Joseph Walker-Hoover, hung himself Monday, April 9, 2009 after enduring bullying at school, including daily taunts of being gay. His suicide was at least the fourth suicide of a middle-school aged child linked to bullying in the year of 2009†. Bullying is never acceptable. It should be considered just â€Å"part of growing up† Research and experience consistently shows involved, their families and peers, and the community around them. I’ve witnessed someone self-harming themselves do to being bullied, it looked like they hit rock bottom and all the person could say is that â€Å"there is no point in living now, no one likes me life is not a thing I enjoy†. I felt like that wasn’t fair to them and that no one should have to go through what they did. But they overcome that and were feeling better. They started hanging out with really friends that cared about them and just ignored what others thought about them because they don’t have to please other, just themselves. How to stop bulling? Whether or not you have been bullied, there are things you can do to stop bullying. The first thing you should do is to tell a teacher or other trusted adult at your school if bullying happens to you or someone at your school. But bullying doesn’t always happen at school, it can happen after school or even at home. So in that situation, tell an adult that will do something about it or even a police officer. This may seem like tattling, but it’s not. The victim of a bully is someone you can protect. By telling someone at school about bullying, you are protecting the victim the same as if you stood up to a bully yourself. After telling an adult, you should go to a councillor to talk about your problem. If you don’t feel comfortable talking to the councillor. Try talking to a friend or someone you trust, that will listen to you and try to help you. It isn’t good to keep everything to yourself. You have to get everything out that isn’t healthy for you. Or else it will haunt you and make you feel alone. So in my opinion just talk about your problem even if it’s with your cat or dog (which ever). However being a witness of bullying can be just as bad as being the bullying. As long as you witness bullying and don’t try to stop it. That means, that you’re encouraging the bully because he/she is getting the attention they want. So remember that for the next time you witness someone being bullying and don’t do anything to stop it. Who are bullies? Bullies are very often people who have been bullied or abused themselves. Sometimes they are experiencing life situations they cannot cope with, that leave them feeling helpless and out of control. They may have poor social skills, do not fit in, and cannot meet the expectations of their family, school, or bosses. They bully to, be successful, to control someone else, or to get some relief from their own feelings of powerlessness. Bullies bully because they might be picked on by someone else so they pick on you, so that they think that they are strong. They might not have any friends. They may not know how to feel happy, or something is going on with their family, that is bothering them so they decide to take out their frustration on other people. I hope you take this essay and absorb everything I’ve said. And remember one person might not be able to put a stop to bullying. But we as a group can sure try. If it doesn’t work, then we can try harder. And never give up. Resources: http://www. dosomething. org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-cyber-bullying http://www. glsen. org/walker. html How to cite Bullying Essay, Essays

The Art Of Procrastination Essay Example For Students

The Art Of Procrastination Essay As I sit here at my computer I restlessly glance at the clock; its 12:40 AM, approximately twelve hours until this essay is due. How could I have once again gotten myself into this terrible situation? I would love to say that theres some amazing excuse for my blatant irresponsibility, that some horrible catastrophe took place inhibiting the start of this paper. Yet sadly there is none; I can present no justification of this other than my own slothfulness. And even as I type I debate over the topic. Various ideas swirl in my head like a typhoon, none of which seem very appealing. I need to write about something I know, something that is like second nature, and most importantly something that I can bullshit about for a full 2 pages. Of course, how could I be so blind! What better to write about then procrastination itself; over the years I have pretty much perfected the art of postponement. To the average person this may seem like an uncomplicated task; you may be thinking But Chad, anyone can wait till the last minute! And I grant that in that assumption you would be entirely correct; any idiot can be lazy. However the question is; can just any idiot wait until the last minute, pull an all-niter, and actually emerge victorious. Because that my friend takes finesse, and is not a feat for any mere amateur. So I encourage you to grab a cup of coffee and take a seat because for the next couple of hours I will be taking you on a crash course through The Art Of Procrastination Essay. The most important thing to consider when faced with blank paper and an equally empty cranium is the possibility of an extension of the deadline. This being the most ideal situation for the reason that it gives you all the more time to goof off; who knows maybe by midnight tomorrow youll be in a more productive mood. Convincing a professor to grant you an extension is not an easy task and may require a smidgen of deceitfulness; but seeing as how by this point youre probably pretty desperate it shouldnt present much of moral dilemma. Always remember that it is extremely important to measure up your victim and choose the most effective bait. While some professors are more cooperative and will grant you the extension with a simple excuse like My great aunt Bertha died, others can be rather a pain and may require a plea more elaborate such as The doctors say it may be a tumor and believe I only have a few months to live. If lying fails you, there are less polite methods of persuasion suc h as bribery, blackmail, or a threatening letter or two; though its not recommend considering the whole legal thing. If you dont succeed in acquiring an extension you will next want to evaluate whether or not your grade can handle the crippling blow of a zero; this is of course in the unlikely event that you dont turn the paper in. Which, unless you want to look forward to a promising career in the fast food industry, isnt the best idea. Its always better to turn in something than nothing, so if its starting to look completely hopeless sit down and pound out at least one page of complete crap; no matter how bad of a grade you get on it its always that much better than a zero. If youve made it this far and are still willing to pull some serious hours and do some real work then congratulations; youre one of the few, the proud, the determined slackers. When cursed with the hellish task of writing an entire well-thought essay at an hour when any halfway sane person is sleeping it is very important that you prepare yourself. The most important thing you can have with you in these trying times is your alertness, and no matter how awake you think you are, after about 30 minutes of writing your body is going to require some kind of refueling. Hilton Hotels Corporation Marketing Analysis Essay I recommend either having at least a 2 liter bottle of some kind of caffeinated drink .

Business Macroeconomics Rising Business Household

Question: Describe about the Business Macroeconomics for Rising Business Household. Answer: Introduction The increasing prices of houses are becoming an issue of major concern in Australia. The property price in Australia is on increase since the year 2001 particularly in Sydney. The sharp increase in market prices of real property in Sydney has made it the most expensive property market. The housing prices are regarded as unsustainable and unaffordable in Sydney market and this is becoming a major issue of debate around the country (Burges, 2016). In this context, the present essay place emphasises on the reasons behind surging house prices in Australia particularly in the Sydney market. Also, it aims to provide macroeconomic solutions that can be undertaken by the government for ensuring affordable housing for the younger generation. Reasons behind Australias Surging House Prices Surging house prices means a sudden increase or hike in housing prices/rent by the government. The main reason for the increase in house prices in Australia is on account of restrictions imposed by the government on land supply that has significantly enhanced the cost of land. The lesser availability of land in highly populated areas of the country such as Sydney is contributing largely to the increase in house prices. The government restrictions are causing the increase in land prices due to high taxes and therefore making the houses less affordable for the general population. The house prices in Australia have increased by 1.6% recently as per the data released by Home Value Index (Scutt, 2016). The Reserve Bank and theAustralian Prudential Regulation Authority are placing huge emphasis on implementing measures for absorbing the sudden rise in housing prices. The property prices are recorded highest in Sydney with surging by 19.9% based on the figures from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (House price rises accelerating in Australia, 2016). The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) has maintained a very low cash rate of about 2% that is resulting in making large money for Australian banks. The increase in demand among the population of the country due to lower cash rate has caused the sudden increase in the house prices. Therefore, the limited supply and high demand is resulting in higher real estate prices in the country. The increase in population of the country is further likely to increase the demand for houses and such the housing prices are expected to increase in Australia. Also, the increase in purchase of residential property by foreigners is also responsible for surging housing prices in the country (Scutt, 2016). The foreign countries are showing increasing interest for real estate investment in Australia responsible for increase in house prices. The increased foreign investment in the residential sector has raised the house prices of Australian dollar 34.7 billion in the year 2014 as compared to the previous year. In addition to this, cost of constructing houses in Australia is on increase with rise in labour costs. This is also acting as a significant factor behind rise of house prices in Australia. Sydney has the most expensive residential market in Australia followed by Melbourne, Canberra and Brisbane. Thus, on account of all the reasons stated above Australia is recognised as severely unaffordable as per the reports developed by International Housing Affordability Survey. The high un-affordability of houses in Sydney particularly is due to urban consolidation that has caused high demand for houses availability in the city. The rising house prices in Australia are expected to suffer a crash due to bursting of rising house bubble. Australia has avoided the housing crash till date due to strict regulatory standards than the US that caused bursting of house bubble in the period of global financial crisis in the year 2007-2009. However, it is predicted that Australia is likely to suffer mark et crash due to overvaluation (Burges, 2016). Source: Scutt, D. 2016. Australian house prices are surging again. [Online]. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/australian-house-prices-are-surging-again-2016-6 [Accessed on: 10 October 2016]. Macroeconomic solutions that can be undertaken by the government for ensuring affordable housing for the younger generation In the above paragraph we have discussed the problem of surging house prices in Australia. The main cause of rising house prices in Australia is sudden increase in demand and limited supply of houses. The government need to undertake some macroeconomic solutions for ensuring the affordability of houses in Australia. One such possible macroeconomic solution includes tightening the fiscal policy and significantly reducing the pressure from RBA to increase the interest rates (Debelle, 2004). The maintenance of lower interest rate would ensure the availability of other items in household budget and thus absorbing the surging house prices in Australia. Also, the government should end its policy of providing subsidies to the buyers purchasing home for the first time as they are also increasing the housing un-affordability issue in Australia. The subsidies policy of the government is regarded as ineffective policy as they are leading to increase in housing prices in Australia. In addition t o this, the government should also implement some measures for increasing the supply of land that would bring down the housing prices (Hawtrey, 2009). The government of the country can increase the availability of the land in the outskirts of cities areas such as western Sydney. The increasing supply of land will lead to lowering of house prices in Australia by creating a fit between demand and supply. However, the government should also implement some measures for reducing the house prices of people living in densely populated inner city. The population of the country who brought homes in inner area have to also pay higher mortgage and are also affected by other problems such as higher cost of living and fuel prices. The effective macroeconomic solution for making houses affordable to people living in densely populated area is better urban planning. This is essential for significantly reducing the cost of living in inner-city areas and thus making houses affordable for them as well (Kuester, et al., 2012). The government should also adopt proper policies for preventing mortgages from getting very high through stricter regulations for lending of home loans. The adoption of such regulatory policies by the Australian government would help in less flow of money in the market and thus the prices of houses in the country would increase to a less extent. The government should also place emphasise on reducing the fuel prices for making the public transport systems affordable. This would reduce the cost of living in inner-city areas of densely populated cities of the country such as Sydney. It would also provide a viable option for the people living in areas that have high house prices to shift to outer areas having significantly lower fuel prices. This will help in meeting the increasing demand of houses by making them more affordable to the general population of the country. The increase in investment from the government in real-estate sector can also prove to be an effective macroeconomic solution for reducing the surging house prices. It would help in obtaining economies of scale thereby bringing down the house c osts in metropolitan cities of Australia such as Sydney and Melbourne. The government should also take initiatives for making public housing available for the people having low income and thus making houses affordable for them. Such initiatives from the government would help in addressing the inequality in housing affordability as the people with relatively low income at most impacted by the rising property prices. The people with high income level have high housing affordability than with people who have less income generation. Thus, the government is required to implement proper policies initiatives for reducing the disparity that exist in housing affordability in Australia. The government of Australia is presently emphasising on supplying land for low income people such as teachers for reducing the inequality in housing affordability in the country. The increase in house prices is also having a large impact on suddenly rent prices and as such is becoming one of the biggest econom ic problems in the country. Therefore, the government has also to develop effective policies for reducing the rising rent prices through tightening the bank lending practices. The lending practices of the banks should be tightened that reduces easy availability of house loans to the people. Easy availability of house loans results in large money flow into the banks with increase in number of people opting for bank loans. The increase money flow into banks will further increase the demand of houses and thereby leading to raise in house prices. In this regard, the government should properly monitor and govern the bank lending practices to reduce the easy availability of loans to all the population of the country. The government should reduce the restrictions imposed on the supply of land that is causing rise in house prices in Australia by increasing the land cost. Thus, these all macroeconomic solutions should be imposed by the government for ensuring house affordability for the youn ger generation (Kazemi et al, 2016). Conclusion Thus, it can be summarised from the overall discussion held in the essay that government must focus on long term goals rather than short term goals for the betterment of the country and its residents. The main reason for the increase in house prices in Australia is mismatch between demand and supply, bank lending practices and rising interest rates. The Australian government should develop macroeconomic solutions that address all of the reasons responsible for increasing house prices in the country. References Burges, R. 2016. Australias house price madness is getting worse. [Online]. Available at: https://thenewdaily.com.au/money/property/2016/01/26/australias-house-price-madness-getting-worse/ [Accessed on: 10 October 2016]. Debelle, G. 2004. Macroeconomic Implications of Rising Household Debt. Bank for International Settlements. Hawtrey, K. 2009. Affordable Housing Finance. Springer. House price rises accelerating in Australia. 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Pacific/Australia/Price-History [Accessed on: 10 October 2016]. Kazemi, H. et al. 2016. Alternative Investments: CAIA Level II. John Wiley Sons. Kuester, K. et al. 2012. Sovereign Risk, Fiscal Policy, and Macroeconomic Stability. International Monetary Fund. Scutt, D. 2016. Australian house prices are surging again. [Online]. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/australian-house-prices-are-surging-again-2016-6 [Accessed on: 10 October 2016].

Strong Copyright Law, a Necessity for Modern Media

Fatigue in Aviation Maintenance Environments

Fatigue in Aviation Maintenance Environments Free Online Research Papers Fatigue in the aviation maintenance workplace is a long standing issue according to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). Since 1997, the NTSB has maintained this issue on their Most Wanted List. The NTSB’s most wanted list is comprised of the most critical aviation safety improvements necessary in the eyes of the Board. The item was added to the list after a few accidents ended with fatigued mechanics or inspectors as one of the contributing factors. The Most Wanted List item # A-97-71(FAA) specifically demand the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) â€Å"review the issue of personnel fatigue in aviation maintenance; then establish duty time limitations consistent with the current state of scientific knowledge for personnel who perform maintenance on carrier aircraft†. (NTSB 1999) According to the NTSB, the FAA’s response and actions taken are not acceptable to mitigate the risk of aircraft accidents due to technician or inspector fatigue. What Has the FAA Done? AAR-100 is the FAA’s Human Factors Division. This division has a sub-division focused solely on human factors in aviation maintenance. In 1998, after an agreement with the FAA, Galaxy Scientific spearheaded an effort from industry experts to publish Human Factors Guide for Aviation Maintenance. In 1999, the division issued a report titled Study of Fatigue Factors Affecting Human Performance in Aviation Maintenance. From the human factors guide by Galaxy Scientific, the FAA determined that more research was necessary to understand how fatigue affects the safe performance of aviation maintenance. It was decided the best approach would be to employ the services of an outside entity to have independent research in the subject. In the mean time, the FAA revised its Advisory Circular (AC) 120-72 Maintenance Resource Management Training to include information that should be a part of the training to cover the risk of fatigue. The study was completed in 2001 by a team from Embry-Riddle and Galaxy Scientific. The document titled Evaluation of Aviation Maintenance Work Environments, Fatigue, and Human Performance provided great insight into the issue. The results of the study will be discussed further later in this paper. The FAA took the actions recommended in the study, which will be discussed further also. Presently, the NTSB is not satisfied with the FAA’s approach since no regulatory action has been made in the matter. What is Fatigue? We have all experienced fatigue. There is sometimes confusion in distinguishing fatigue from tiredness. The two are not interchangeable. One definition of fatigue is ‘Decreased capacity or complete inability of an organism, organ, or part to function normally because of excessive stimulation or prolonged exertion’. (Orlady Orlady 1999) The excessive stimulation and prolonged exertion in an aviation maintenance environment can be due to many factors. Lighting, vibration, extreme temperatures, and the mere tediousness of a task are some of the factors. It is the NTSB’s contention that the resulting fatigue from these factors have been contributions to some accidents and will certainly be in future accidents. The 2001 Study As stated previously, Aviation Maintenance Work Environments, Fatigue, and Human Performance was undertaken to provide insight to just how fatigue might play a role in an accident. In this study, one-hundred randomly selected aviation maintenance personnel agreed to wear monitoring devices for a two-week period. These devices measured temperature, lighting, sound levels, and sleep conditions. The second half of the study was done in the form of a questionnaire filled out by five-hundred aviation maintenance personnel; also selected randomly. The study covered more areas than just fatigue related issues. This paper will attempt to stay in line with fatigue causing factors only. Sleep Patterns The results concluded that the subjects slept on average of five hours per night. The researchers utilized the results of a Gallup poll conducted on the general public in 1997 as their measure of how much sleep an individual needs to feel alert. The optimal time according to this poll was just over seven hours. Participants selected a button on the device when they went to bed to indicate they were going to sleep. The device only counted one as actually sleeping if the instrument was not moving; meaning the person must be totally still in order for the measurement to be accurate. Otherwise, the time was counted as pre-sleep, or a falling asleep period. There were differences between the amount of time subjects reported they were sleeping versus the amount of time the device reported they were sleeping. Lighting In general, the participants answering the questionnaire felt they worked with inadequate lighting. They also felt that poor lighting has a negative impact on their job performance. The study concluded that the survey data was likely more accurate than the monitoring equipment because the survey was based on people’s perception. It was noted that the study could not conclude how inadequate lighting affects performance. Shift Work The survey portion of the study revealed that a very large percentage of participants who work the night shift indicated that they feel frequent fatigue at work. Those who work the day shift did not report feeling fatigued as often at work. This suggested to the researchers that those on the night shift were at greater risk of degraded performance than those working during the day. Most of the participants themselves did not feel that the fatigue they felt affected their work performance at all. The largest population indicating their work was affected were those on the night shift. Temperature and Sound Pressure The data was listed in the study, but no analysis was given. It was only indicated that Phase 3 of the study would attempt to identify how this data correlates to fatigue. Study Observations/Recommendations The researchers determined that the lack of sleep is a cultural issue that can only be addressed by training. They concluded that it is likely that the personnel are simply unaware of the recommended sleep needed to function properly. The training would educate the workforce on how fatigue can put them at risk for making a mistake and how to recognize signs of fatigue. Although the data on temperature was not analyzed, the recommendation was made to educate the workforce on how temperature can affect job performance. The training should also include mitigation strategies, such as having water available to those who are working in high heat environments. For sound and noise levels observed, the recommendation was to refer to the Human Factors Guide for Aviation Maintenance, as this publication addresses mitigation strategies for those working in high noise environments. Writer’s Evaluation This study conducted appears to be faulty in many ways. It was evident that the data collected by the sleep monitoring device was likely inaccurate if the device only counts one as sleeping if they are not moving. It would also seem that the researchers could have utilized a more scientific based set of standards for sleep than a Gallup Poll. Some of the data collected in the research was not even analyzed in the study, only reported. This data on things such as sound and temperature levels would seem to be very valuable in providing a complete assessment of fatigue levels. With the information collected and the way in which it was analyzed, the only recommendation the researchers could make was training. Another factor working against them attempting to make any other recommendation than training is the fact that there has been no research done to measure how and when fatigue of maintenance personnel has attributed to failures in the system. That information would need to be available to substantiate any type of regulatory action by the FAA on duty time limitations. The researchers acknowledge this in their closing remarks. Phase 3 of the study has yet to be conducted. It is not known why the FAA has not funded this activity. Pilots versus Mechanic Duty Limits The NTSB feels that mechanics should be held to duty time limitations the same as pilots. The writer disagrees with this. Pilots flying an aircraft cannot go take a break. They are literally stuck in their work environment. Weather changes constantly create challenges. Pilots also must be alert enough at all times during flight to implement any one of hundreds of contingency actions in a split second. Duty time limitations are warranted easily if these circumstances are taken into consideration. Mechanics, on the other hand do have the option to take a break at any time. They normally are not working in conditions where contingency actions are required instantaneously. Mechanics need an awareness and education about how fatigue can potentially lead to inadvertent unsafe acts. Industry Culture Change The Centre for Applied Behavior Research as the University of Southern Australia is known for being a world leader in the study of how fatigue affects safety of job performance. The Centre contends that a lack of sleep and shift work are the two most important causes of fatigue. Based on research done in the university’s Sleep Centre, it was discovered that fatigue can be most closely compared to being under the influence of alcohol beyond legal allowable limits. One’s judgment is affected as well as the ability to react and reason logically. The Centre worked with the Australian Rail Industry and the Australian Air Force to develop a comprehensive fatigue management program. The program consists of education, fitness for work testing, and a software based fatigue modeling and management system. Currently, the aviation industry and others are working with the Centre and following suit with the same types of programs. Conclusion The issue of fatigue is seen as one that needs to be addressed by the employer and the employee. Legislation will not change the lifestyles of individuals. Employers must have the flexibility to arrange schedules to meet production requirements. Employees have the responsibility and the right to stop and ensure they are fit to perform the safety sensitive functions for which they are employed. The FAA’s Aviation Safety Team is in full force educating mechanics, as are the Professional Aviation Maintenance Association along with many other industry groups. The key is finding a balance between the mechanic’s and employer’s needs. The risk can be managed without federal laws. This is obviously the conclusion of the FAA and other experts in the field of human behavior and human factors. References Folkard, S. (2002). Work Hours of Aircraft Maintenance Personnel Civil Aviation Authority, CAA Paper 2002/06 Dawson, D. (2001b) Field Based Evaluations of a Work Related Fatigue Model Based on Hours of Work Transportation Research Part F Orlady Orlady (2005) Human Factors In Multi Crew Flight Operations Chapter 9 NTSB (1997) A-97-71 FAA (2003) AC120-72 Maintenance Resource Management Training FAA (1999) Study of Fatigue Factors Affecting Human Performance in Aviation Maintenance Galaxy Scientific (2001) Human Factors Guide for Aviation Maintenance Research Papers on Fatigue in Aviation Maintenance EnvironmentsOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalStandardized TestingEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part OnePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Moderating and Minimizing Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Moderating and Minimizing Conflict - Essay Example Conflict can be interpreted in two dimensions: the theorist’s perspective of the conflict and the environment where the conflict takes place (Strasser & Randolph, 2004, p.4). The environment may include conflict between individuals or families or nations. The conflict can also be inter-psychic in which the conscious mind and the unconscious mind conflict with each other. How the mediators interpret conflict and its resolution paves the way to their selection of an appropriate approach towards reconciliation. Mediator’s perspectives and how they look at the situation shapes the mediation approach and the resolution process. My conflict style is collaborative. I believe that communication is the best way to resolve a conflict (Cupach et al., 2010) at all levels: personal, cultural, political, organizational or international. I do not like asserting my viewpoints and perspectives on others; instead, I like to listen to other people’s beliefs and disbeliefs. This way , I give the other persosn the opportunity to make their points clear. I invite them to share their views with me. I do not want them to feel ignored or un-listened. This empowers them and at the end, this makes them respect the solution I come up with because they know that I have listened to them and have made them participate in the decision-making process. I will quote two examples from my personal life here. Once, my younger brother, Joe, started to hang out with his friends late night. He had made up a routine of coming home late night and this would upset my parents and I because we did not want him to do stuff none of his elders ever did. My parents are both authoritarians in their parenting style and they do not want to argue with kids. This even awoke more aggression in Joe because he knew that Mom and Dad were not going to understand him. One day, I called him and sat down with him. I started to communicate with him- something Mom and Dad had never did. I asked him what m ade him come home late and why he wanted to disobey and upset his parents. After listening to him, I told him the bad consequences that might happen if he constantly stayed absent from home till late night. And I got my results. He understood me. We figured a middle way out in which I gave him enough space about hanging out but made sure that he returns before 9 pm. At another day, I came across two of friends, Mike and Bob, fighting and yelling at each other. Mike said that Bob had stolen his notebook that he had prepared after one year’s efforts; while Bob said that he knew nothing about the notebook. The argument went so serious that both of them were ready to punch each other at faces. After much struggle, I cooled them down and made them sit at the desk and talk about the issue. First, I made Mike present his perspective and then I told Bob to clarify himself. I made them ‘talk’ to each other and listen to each other’s views. After about half an hour of real sound arguments, both of them resolved the issue. Mike was remembering that he had handed the notebook over to the professor one day and he had not returned that yet. Thus, the conclusion was that communication made him remember things that he was forgetting. On concluding note, I am very much pleased with my conflict style. I love collaborating and communicating

Multi Marriage Issue in Islam 'polygamy' Research Paper

Multi Marriage Issue in Islam 'polygamy' - Research Paper Example Polygamy is simply a legal and religious permission in Islam for men to marry four women at a time. Although this command is more like an option, but not an obligation to all Muslims. In Islam and other religions, polygamy has been established and valued as an important institution (Philips and Jones). Even, before the advent of Islam in the Arab countries, the concept of polygamy used to exist, but it was in its worst form particularly because of illiteracy, absence of social or civic sense, and status of women in the society. When Islam came to light in the Arab countries, a number of issues were resolved; one of the most important one was the status of women in the society and matters of multi-marriages. Islam has redeveloped the institution of marriage as it has allowed men to marry four women for the purpose of helping needy women (Philips and Jones). It has furthermore ordained men to give equal rights to women in every regard. This paper aims to discuss a crucial matter of pol ygamy within the context of Islamic way of lifestyle elaboration and guidelines of Prophet Mohammad PBUH, the messenger of God. Additionally, we shall also spotlight the status of women before and after Islam, their rights, and orders sent by God in Quranic verses regarding welfare of widows, needy and divorced women. The role of Muslim men is to protect the rights of women by following obligations of God. Polygamy Before and After: A Historical Reference The status of women before and after Islam is entirely different, and it also varies in several Muslim states. Differentiation in the status of women in Islam interprets laws and religious teachings of Islam in different manners. Historic data about Islamic teachings and status of women in the Arab countries reveals that before the advent of Islam women were highly devalued in societies. Attitude of men towards women was extremely negative as women had no dignity, position or honor in the society. Prior to Islam, the status of wome n was sighted as nothing, but a household good. Women, before the advent of Islam were treated as animal and bought and sold like any other non-living item (Khan). On the contrary, it can be said that some women who belonged to the noble tribes and valuable families of Arab had respect and dignity in the society up to some extent, unlike ordinary women. For instance, Khadija bint Khuwaylid, who was the daughter of Khuwaylid ibn Asad belonged to the famous and most powerful tribe of Banu Quraish. Khadija had gained respect in the society mainly because of her strong family background as her father was a successful businessman and powerful merchant of that time and Khadija inherited all wealth and dignity from her father (Haylamaz). But, such respect and value in the society was limited to only few women of strong and powerful tribes, who used to have control over different localities in the Arab land. Whereas, overall criterion was that women was considered as a hateful object, birth of a girl in any family was considered as a curse and people used to bury their daughters alive after birth. On such cruelty, God criticized and stated in Quran, "When news is brought to one of them, of the birth of a female child, his face darkens, and he is filled with inward grief! With the shame does he hide himself from his people because of the bad news he has had! Shall he retain her on (sufferance) and contempt, or bury her in the dust? Ah! What an evil choice they decide on?"